Kuva mu Ugushyingo umwaka ushize, Leta ya Ethiopie iri mu ntambara karundura n’umutwe wa Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), ukaba ugizwe ahanini n’abantu bakomoka muri Tigray bagize 6% by’Abaturage ba Ethiopia basaga Miliyoni 100 , muri iyi nkuru tugiye kugaruka ku bintu RPF Inkotanyi ihuriyeho na TPLF yo muri Tigray , amashyaka yahumye amaso ibihugu bikomeye n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ku bikorwa byo guhohotera uburenganzira bwa muntu n’abo batavugarumwe nabo mu myaka 30 ishize.
Kuri ubu muri Ethiopia hari intambara ihuje agace ka Tigray na leta ya Ethiopia . Ibibazo byatumye Leta ya Ethiopie na TPLF byinjira mu ntambara ni birebire cyane, aho bifite imizi mu mateka amaze imyaka ibihumbi ariko intandaro nyamukuru yabaye icyo Leta yise kwigumura byakozwe n’umutwe wa TPLF.
Kimwe n’ubundi bwami bwinshi, ubwo muri Ethiopie bwagutse binyuze mu kwigarurira ibindi bice, rimwe na rimwe ugasanga ibice byigaruriwe byari bifite umuco wabyo wihariye, bifite ururimi rwabyo n’imigenzo itandukanye n’iy’ubwoko bw’ubwami. Tigray, Afar, Oromo, Eritrea n’ibindi bice bitandukanye ni uko byagiye byigarurirwa n’Ubwami bwa Ethiopie.
Mu 1974, Lt Col. Mengistu Haile Mariam yafashe ubutegetsi abwambuye Haile Selassie I, Umwami uzwi cyane wari uwa 225 ndetse n’uwa nyuma mu mateka maremare y’Ubwami bwa Ethiopie.
Lt Col. Mariam wageze ku ngoma atazwi cyane muri rubanda, yazanye amatwara adasanzwe ku butegetsi. Uyu mugabo yaje yikiza abatavuga rumwe na we, yica abamurwanya, afunga abanyamakuru ku buryo muri rusange habarurwa abantu barenga ibihumbi 30 bapfuye bazira kutavuga rumwe na we.
Uku kubangamira abaturage byatumye havuka imitwe myinshi imurwanya, kenshi ikaza ishingiye kuri ya moko yigaruriwe n’Ubwami bwa Ethiopie bwa kera, ibi ni nako byagenze mu Rwanda ubwo ubwami bwavagaho hakajyaho repubulika yashyize ubutegetsi mu maboko y’ubwoko bw’abahutu bagize umubare munini w’abanyaRwanda.
TPLF Yakomeje urugamba ndetse iza gukura Lt Col Mariam ku butegetsi mu 1991. EPLF yahise itangaza ko yiyomoye kuri Ethiopie, ubwo Eritrea itangira kwigenga gutyo. Icyo gihe yari iyobowe na Isaias Afwerki wari umurwanyi ukomeye muri EPLF, akaba ari na we ukiyoboye icyo gihugu kugeza ubu.
Ku ngoma ya TPLF, Ethiopie yaramenyekanye kubera gucegera mu bubanyi n’amahanga ihinduka ikicaro cy’Afurika, TPLF yashoboye kugira umubano mwiza na USA Ethiopia ikomeza kubona inkunga n’ubuvugizi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Burayi.
TPLF yo muri Ethiopia Ibyo ihuriyeho na FPR INKOTANYI
TPLF igizwe n’ubwoko bw’aba Tigray bugize 6% by’Abaturage ba Ethiopia ‘ ibi ihuza na RPF ubwo yateraga u Rwanda mu 1990 aho nayo yari igizwe n’ubwoko bw’abatutsi bwari ba nyamucye mu baturage b’uRwanda , TPLF yashoboye kwigarurira ububanyi n’amahanga kubera bamwe mu bantu bakomeye yagiye igira mu miryango itandukanye aho muri aba barimo n’umuyobozi w’ishami rya LONI rishinzwe Ubuzima ku isi OMS.
Gukoresha intwaro ya Diplomacy TPLF ibihuza neza na RPF kuko bose aho bakomora gukomera ni mu burengerazuba bw’isi USA n’umugabane w’Uburayi no mu miryango mpuzamahanga ari naho bivugwa ikura ubufasha , mu gihe Abiy Ahmed ministiri wa Ethiopia we yisunze Turukiya n’Ubushinwa.
Ibi bisa na none neza nk’uko byari bimeze aho ishyaka rya HABYARIMANA MRND ryari ryaratereranwe risigaweho n’ubufaransa gusa.
TPLF ku butegetsi bwayo yatangiye ishimisha abanyamahanga aho yamburaga abaturage ubutaka ikabuha abacuruzi b’abanyamahanga ivuga ko bazabubyaza umusaruro, uretse ko byaje kumenyekana ko byakorwaga mu nyungu z’abayobozi bakuru babaga bariye ruswa ikabije, bagahitamo gukenesha abaturage mu nyungu zabo bwite, iyi ni nayo Politiki iri mu Rwanda aho abaturage benshi basenyerwa ubutaka bwabo bugahabwa abashoramari b’abanyamahanga. Urugero rutangwa ni mu bice bya Kigali ahazwi nka Bannyahe , Kinyinya, Gacuriro no mu bindi bice by’igihugu nko ku nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu , no mu kinigi ahari agace k’ubukerarugendo.
FPR na TPLF bazwiho bombi guhutaza abatavuga rumwe nabo .
Ubutegetsi bwa TPLF kuva mu 1991 kugeza 2017 ubwo batakazaga amatora hagatorwa Minisitiri w’intebe Abiy Ahmed, bwahungabanyije uburenganzira bwa muntu kurusha ubundi bwose muri Afurika, ariko ibi ntibyatumye bufatirwa ibihano ibyo ari byose na Amerika, kuko ‘bwumviraga ibihugu bikomeye, bukemera gushyira mu bikorwa ubushake bwabyo, kabone nubwo bwabangamira abaturage ba Ethiopie.’ Ibi niko bimeze no kuri RPF INKOTANYI ihungabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu aho abatavuga rumwe na leta n’abanyamakuru bahutazwa buri munsi ariko ntihagire igihugu gifatira ibihano ubutegetsi bw’umunyagitugu Paul Kagame.
Mu Rwanda kuva RPF yagera ku butegetsi benshi mu batavuga rumwe barishwe, abandi barafungwa.
Kuri ubu uRwanda ruvugwaho ibikorwa byo kubangamira ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru aho rwashyizwe ku mwanya wa 156 mu kubangamira ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru mu bihugu 180 ku isi, ubukandi haravugwa ifungwa ry’abanyamakuru n’abandi bantu bakoresha umurongo wa Youtube banenga ibikorea bya leta .
Abaheruka gufungwa ni Karasira Aimable, Theo (Umubavu TV), Cyuma Dieudone, Rashid, na Idamange.
No muri Ethiopia ubwo TPLF yari ifte ubutegetsi niko byari bimeze ndetse byatumye Kera kabaye abaturage ba Ethiopie bongera kwisuganya batangira kwamagana ubutegetsi bwayo , imyigaragambyo itangira gukaza umurego kuva muri za 2002 na 2005, aho byageze mu 2015 bimaze kugaragara neza ko TPLF itagifite uburyo bwo kurwanya no gusisibiranya abatavuga rumwe na yo.
TPLF imaze kubona ko itazakomeza kuyobora ubutegetsi kuko uburakari bw’abaturage bwari bumaze kugera ku rwego butakigenzurwa, yahisemo gushaka umukandida ‘witwa ko atavuga rumwe na yo,’ ariko akazakomeza kwemera gukorera mu kwaha kwayo.
Ibintu ariko ntibyayigendekeye neza kuko Abiy Ahmed wari wararwanyije cyane politiki y’ubutaka ya TPLF, ari nacyo cyazamuye izina rye, yaje gutorwa ku kimeze nk’akagambane kakozwe n’andi mashyaka ari mu mpuzamashyaka ya EPRDF, bituma TPLF isa nk’iyigijweyo mu buryo bwuzuye muri politiki ya Ethiopie.
Nkuko bimeze mu Rwanda imyanya ikomeye mu gisirikari yihariwe n’abo mu ishyaka rya TPLF uretse ko bamwe bagiye biyomora ku ngabo za leta ubu bakaba bari ku rugamba barwana ku ruhande rwa TPLF
Aba-Tigray bagize 6% by’abaturage ba Ethiopia, bihariye 18% by’abasirikare b’icyo gihugu, uyu mubare ukazamuka ukagera hejuru ya 30% urebye mu basirikare bakuru, Abasirikari bakuru bagize igisirikari cy’uRwanda nabo abenshi bakomoka mu ishyaka rya RPF Inkotanyi no mu bwoko bw’abatutsi bugizwe na ba nyamucye mu Rwanda.
TPLF na RPF ni inshuti magara.
Aya mashyaka yombi agizwe na banyamucye ni inshuti magara kuva mu myaka ya 1990, birazwi ko ubwo Kagame yari yagambaniwe na HABYARIMANA kubera ibikorwa by’iterabwoba RPF yari tangiye gukorera mu rwanda aho yari yakomatanyirijwe ubwo KAGAME yagombaga gufatirwa ku kibuga cy’indege cya Addis Abeba n’intwaro yari avuye gukusanya yacikishijwe na Meles Zenawi wari inshuti ye magara.
Ubwo RPF yatangiraga intambara yo gukura Habyarimana ku butegetsi yahabwaga ubufasha bw’ibikoresho by’intambara na Ethiopia ya MELES Zenawi, ibi byatumye MELES Zenawi n’umuryango we bashimirwa n’ishyaka rya RPF Inkotanyi mu barifashije gufata ubutegetsi mu Rwanda.
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus , usanzwe ayobora OMS akaba anasanzwe ari umwe mu bashinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga mu ishyaka rya TPLF ni inshuti magara ya KAGAME ndetse anagaragara kenshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga amwita umuvandimwe aho ananyuzamo akabyandika mu rurimi rw’ikinyarwanda kugirango agaragaze neza ubucuti bwabo imbere ya benshi.
Ubwo KAGAME yabonaga umwuzukuru uyu mugabo ari mu bamushimiye mbere kuri Twitter anavuga ko ashimishijwe n’inkuru nziza yaturutse ku muvandimwe we Paul KAGAME.
Amasinde ya TPLF hagati ya Abiy Ahmed ufatwa nk’intwali na rubanda nyamwinshi muri Ethiopia .
Abiy Ahmed aziranye cyane na TPLF, ndetse akamenya kuvuga ururimi rwa Tigrinya rukoreshwa n’abo muri Tigray. Uru rurimi yarwigiye ku rugamba rwo gukuraho Mariam yinjiyemo mu 1991 ubwo yari afite imyaka 14 gusa. Bitewe n’uko ingabo yarwanagamo zarimo abasirikare benshi bakomoka muri Tigray, byabaye ngombwa ko yiga ururimi rwabo kugira ngo bajye bumvikana mu buryo bworoshye, ndetse ibi byanamufashije kuzamurwa mu ntera cyane mu gisirikare.
Abiy akigera ku butegetsi, yaje avuga impinduka, ashimangira ko agiye kongera ibijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n’ubwigenge bw’itangazamakuru, byose bikiyongera ku kurandura ruswa no kubaka ubukungu bufatika.
Ku ikubitiro, Abiy yahise ategeka ko ibihumbi by’imfungwa za politiki zirekurwa ndetse bamwe muri bo abaha akazi. Yahise kandi asesa impuzamashyaka ya EPRDF, ashinga indi mpuzamashyaka yise ‘Prosperity Party’ yari igizwe n’amashyaka yari muri EPRDF ukuyemo TPLF yahawe ubutumire ikabwanga. Iyi mpuzamashyaka nshya yarimo n’abahoze banenga TPLF cyane, barimo n’abari bavuye muri gereza.
Yakoze impinduka zikomeye mu bukungu, zirimo gushyiraho gahunda yo kwegurira abikorera ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya Leta. Izi gahunda zamaganywe cyane n’abahoze ku butegetsi bwa TPLF, kuko bungukiraga cyane mu bucuruzi bw’ibigo bya Leta nkuko bimeze mu Rwanda muri Politiki ya RPF Inkotanyi yamaze kwigarurura amasoko yose y’ubucuruzi yo mu gihugu.
Ibintu byahinduye isura ubwo izi mpinduka zageraga mu gisirikare. Muri Kamena 2018, amezi abiri gusa nyuma yo kugera ku butegetsi, Abiy yateranyije inama y’abasirikare bakuru ababwira ko ashaka kuvugurura igisirikare mu kucyongerera ubunyamwuga ndetse no kugabanya uruhare rwacyo mu bikorwa bya politiki y’imbere mu gihugu. Hadaciye kabiri yakoze impinduka zikomeye mu gisirikare, akuraho benshi mu basirikare b’Aba-Tigray bari bihariye imyanya yo hejuru, abasimbuza abandi.
Bitewe n’ubunini ndetse n’ubwinshi bw’abaturage bafite imigenzo n’imico itandukanye, Ethiopie ifite imiyoborere iha uburenganzira ubuyobozi bw’igice runaka, ku buryo bushobora kwifatira ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe, nk’uko bimeze muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ibi bivuze ko TPLF yari ifite ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo bitandukanye muri Tigray, ariko ikabifata mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ya Leta iyoboye igihugu.
Ibi siko byagenze kuko bamaze kugera muri Tigray, TPLF yatangiye gukora ibikorwa bihabanye n’amategeko ya Leta, birimo gukoresha imyitozo ya gisirikare nta burenganzira, kuba ingabo za Tigray zaratangiye kugirana umubano n’ingabo z’amahanga ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa byagaragaraga nk’ubushotoranyi, uretse ko nta kinini Leta ya Abiy yabikoragaho.
Abasesengura hafi iby’intambara basanga TPLF bitazayorohera gufata ubutegetsi kuko abaturage ba Ethiopia basa n’abarambiwe igitugu cyayo.